Sub-Saharan immigrants’ integration policies in Morocco

Abstract

Morocco’s strategic position between Europe, the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa leads it to be a new destination country that has received growing flows of sub-Saharan immigrants. This fact has challenged the government to launch the National Policy on Immigration and Asylum NPIA to integrate them in the socio-economic fabric. This article review aims to assess the impact of the NPIA on the integration of sub-Saharan immigrants in labor, education and healthcare sectors. Accordingly, we have made a selection of 14 articles and reports dating back from 2002 to 2019. They are included in a qualitative synthesis. Data depict that the administrative regularization does not change the battle for survival. Studies depict inequality and discrimination against particular nationals. Moreover, immigrants suffer from lack of job opportunities and forced to work in informal economy or in hard labor sectors with low wages. Furthermore, the Integration of immigrants ’children in Moroccan schools remains very limited in comparison to the increasing numbers of this population. The educational system and the extensive enrollment process keep immigrants’ children out of this service. For healthcare, most of the interviewed migrants benefit from pregnancy monitoring and child birth, yet, despite the government and civil society efforts , huge number of immigrants cannot get access to healthcare services either being in illegal situation or being Anglophone. Thus, Morocco is ill-prepared to integrate sub-Saharans successfully in the socio-economic life.